Common errors Class X (Social science)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is.
Many students write final value (instead of final goods) and they also do not write the word "services "
2. Developed and developing countries - Countries that have achieved high literacy rates, high income, a good index of health, and higher living standards (more expenditure on consumer goods) are considered developed countries. and countries making progress and relatively at low levels in all aspects as compared to developed countries are known as developing countries.
this concept is not associated with higher income alone, a country must achieve growth in all indicators to be termed as developed. many Arab nations have high national incomes but they are not considered as developed because they are lacking in other indexes.
3. Literacy rate- The proportion of the literate population of 7 years and above age group. 7 years is a very important aspect of the literacy rate as below 7 years is considered a learning age (for basics)for children so we cannot calculate the ratio of children below 7 to the literacy rate/ratio
4. Secularism - this term is associated with the separation of religion from state, it has nothing to do with caste and language, many students include points related to caste, language, etc in their answers.
5. credit - An agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods, or services in return for the promise of future payment refers to credit or loan. it is different from the words debit, deposit, and collateral, write definitions of all words on one page and learn them.
6.“Sustainable development is a multidimensional concept “Generally students write common definitions of sustainable development but it also encompasses poverty alleviation, pollution-free environment, social equality, resource conservation for future generations, resource planning, and all positive dimensions of development.
7. institutional reforms and technological reforms in agriculture- institutional reforms refer to improvement in the organization/institution/policy of government in the country. in the case of agriculture land Collectivization, Consolidation of Holdings, Cooperatives, land banks, the Abolition of Zamindari, crop insurance, Kisan credit card, etc as all these reforms has nothing to do with technology or method
on the other hand, technological reforms refer to advancement in methods and the use of new tools for traditional work, in the case of agriculture drip irrigation and use of sprinkles. Chemical fertilizers, bio-fertilizers, HYV, and genetic crops are examples of technological reforms
8. formal sectors of credits and informal sectors and organized and organized sector of employment - important concepts in these two topics are observation of rules and regulations and supervision of government
generally, students mix these terms with private and public organizations, but a private bank can be formal sectors of credits and the same time it also can be an organized sector.
like HDFC and ICICI are private banks but both are formal sectors of credit as they follow rules and regulations made by RBI and both are also organized sectors as they follow rules of organization like recruitment rules, holidays, increments, and equal treatment. learn these terms with examples and write answers in table form.
9. Globalisation, Liberalisation, and Privatisation are different terms, and all have different meanings,- globalization is the integration and interaction of a country with the rest of the world. and liberalization and privatization are part of globalization. globalization can be defined in many ways - Economic globalization ( in economics ) cultural or political globalization (in History-making the global world ).
Liberalization - in economics, it means traders and businessmen are allowed to make decisions freely about import or export, less restriction by government -
in political science (historical context) it is about more political freedom and more rights for men and women. Students overlap economic globalization with political globalization.
10. Satyagarh is an idea/tool that was used and implemented by Mahatma Gandhi in all mass movements ( non-cooperation, civil disobedience movement, quit movement ) as well as individual movements ( Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad). most of the students write "Gandhiji started the Satyagraha movement in .............
13, national political parties and regional political parties
- The BJP, Congress, CPI(M), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), National People’s Party (NPP) and the AAP are the national parties now.
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